MIGRAIN: Ideology

Part 1: Media Magazine reading

1- argues that The Hunger Games presents a dystopian society where media and propaganda are used by those in power to control ideology, suppress rebellion, and maintain inequality.

2- The films present capitalism as exploitative and unequal, benefiting the elite in the Capitol while the districts suffer poverty and oppression. Wealth is shown as being built on the suffering of others. Consumerism and spectacle distract people from injustice.

3- films suggest the media is extremely powerful in shaping beliefs, emotions, and political loyalty. Through propaganda, editing, and spectacle, the Capitol controls public opinion. Even resistance movements must use media strategically to gain support.

4- Yes, I think the media strongly influences how we see the world, especially through repetition and normalising certain ideas. News, social media, and entertainment can shape what we think is important or acceptable. However, audiences can still question and resist these messages.

Page 48: They Live - Understanding Ideology

1- The article highlights beliefs in consumerism, individualism, capitalism, and obedience to authority. These ideas are treated as “normal” and rarely questioned. They support the existing power structure.

2- Gramsci suggests that power is maintained through consent rather than force. The ruling class spreads its ideology so it becomes seen as common sense. This makes inequality appear natural and inevitable. 

3- Althusser argues that ideology is spread through institutions like the media, education, and advertising. Consumerism encourages people to define themselves by what they buy. This keeps capitalism functioning by distracting people from exploitation.

4-I partly agree with the idea behind They Live. Media ownership by wealthy elites can influence messages and priorities. However, modern audiences are more aware and can challenge dominant ideologies, especially through alternative media and online platforms.

Part 2: The role of the media in democracy

1- The media is vital because it informs citizens, creates a space for debate (the public sphere), and helps people participate in political life. It allows politicians to communicate policies while enabling the public to scrutinise those in power. Through reporting and interviews, the media also holds politicians accountable.

2- A healthy media landscape includes independence from political and financial pressure, pluralism, impartial outlets, and high journalistic standards. A mix of public service media, commercial outlets, and local journalism ensures diverse viewpoints. Trust is maintained through accuracy, fact-checking, and ethical reporting.

3- Key risks include political interference, threats to broadcaster impartiality, concentrated ownership, and the decline of local and investigative journalism. Polarising content and misinformation can damage trust and increase division. Economic pressures have also encouraged clickbait over public-interest reporting.

4- The media can be protected through strong, independent regulation and limits on ownership concentration. Public service broadcasters like the BBC should remain free from political pressure and properly funded. Technology platforms should take more responsibility for tackling misinformation while protecting free speech.